Welcome! This blog tracks the real estate market in the Central Shenandoah Valley, featuring market data and analysis, an exploration of common buying and selling questions, and candid commentary on all things real estate.
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Negotiations
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Not Much Negotiability In Home Prices In 2020 |
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 Looking back at a full year of data now for 2020, it is impressive to note that the median "list price to sales price ratio" was 100% for the year. This means that at least half of sellers sold at or above their list price! Home buyers likely aren't surprised by this revelation as they have experienced it first hand if they bought - or tried to buy - in 2020. New listings that are prepared well, priced well and marketed well are receiving multiple offers within days of hitting the market. Oftentimes, buyers are not discussing whether to make a full price offer - they are discussing how far above list price to go with their offer. Home sellers must still remember that this is not a blank check. Just because buyers are so eager to buy that they are often going above list price does not mean that you can list your home for any price you'd like. If your home is potentially worth $300K in the market right now, you ought not list it for $350K and then be surprised when you don't have a rush or showings and don't have any offers. You still need to price your home based on recent sales, though you might be able to round up a bit more than you had in the past when pricing your home. I expect this dynamic (most homes selling for the list price or higher) to continue as we move through 2021. | |
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It Is Hard For Home Buyers To Compete If They Have A Small Downpayment Or If They Need Closing Cost Assistance |
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 A few short years ago...
These days...
A few short years ago...
These days...
So, it's not that you can't buy a home with a small down payment or if you need a closing cost credit -- but it will be a lot harder to do so these days, largely because of other competing buyers who have a larger down payment and/or who do not need a closing cost credit. | |
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How High Will You Go When Competing With Other Buyers? |
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 Over the past month I have represented multiple buyers who have made offers on homes where they were competing against anywhere from three to seven other buyers. Given that our market is so high competitive in many locations and price ranges, buyers find themselves facing all sorts of difficulty questions...
The list could go on and on. It's a tough time to be a buyer right now and just because you find a house that you like, and you want to buy, and that you are qualified to buy, and even if you have a lender letter, and even if you see the house on Day 1 and make an offer on Day 1 -- you still might not get the house. There might be someone else who is willing to pay more than you or take more risks than you are, or who has a larger down payment than you have. So, be ready to act fast, and make a strong offer - and be ready to carefully calculate how high you are willing to go on price - but know that you still might not get the house despite your best efforts. | |
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Three Ways To Make A Contingent Offer |
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 If you have to sell your current home in order to buy a new home - there are (at least) three ways to do that...
If you're making an offer on a new-ish listing then Option 1 and Option 2 are not likely to be successful strategies to securing a contract on the house you want to buy. The best bet is to wait until you have your house listed for sale AND under contract - Option 3 - because at that point your have positioned yourself (and your home sale contingency) as best as you possibly can from the seller's perspective. A few additional, related, notes...
Selling and buying simultaneously can be tricky, complicated and frustrating -- but it is possible! Feel free to be in touch if you want to talk through the options outlined above as they pertain to your situation. | |
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Think Twice Before Ignoring That Low Offer On Your Home |
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  If you have not yet had an offer on your house (that is listed at $300K) and you receive an offer of $250K, that doesn't necessarily mean your house is only worth $250K, nor does it necessarily mean that you should accept $250K or something close to it. It does, however, mean something quite exciting --- somebody wants to buy your house!!! Of course, negotiations won't always work out with low offers -- but recognize a low offer for what it is -- a buyer who wants to buy your house, and perhaps the first buyer who has declared as much through a written offer! If there is any way to put a deal together with those buyers, you ought to pursue it, as it's hard to know when the next buyer will work up the courage to tell you that they want to buy your house! | |
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Sometimes Buyers React Irrationally To Home Inspections |
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 The purpose of a home inspection contingency is to allow a buyer to learn more about the property they have contracted to purchase -- and then to request repairs to the property if they discover new issues of which they were unaware when they contracted to purchase the property. For example -- a buyer contracts to buy a home for $250K and believes the electrical wiring and plumbing are all in good condition. The home inspection takes place and the inspector discovers that there are four plumbing connections that are leaking in the unfinished basement. It is then reasonable for the buyer to ask the seller to repair these plumbing leaks prior to closing. They agreed to pay $250K for a house that they did not believe had plumbing leaks -- and thus they request the seller restore the house to being a leak-free house. This is certainly an oversimplification of the matter, as there are often many discoveries during a home inspection -- of varying levels of seriousness or complexity -- but stick with me for now. Back up at our prior example -- rarely would a seller be disappointed, surprised, or unhappy if a buyer asked for plumbing leaks to be repaired. But what is a seller to do when a buyer starts to behave irrationally -- in a way that the seller believes no other buyer would certainly ever respond? For example --
I could go on and on. The point is -- sometimes buyers behave irrationally -- for whatever reason they have decided that they cannot / will not buy the house, and they are going to dig in their feet and make irrational repair requests until the seller finally caves and releases them from the contract. Or, rather, given the standard Virginia home inspection contingency, the buyer just terminates the contract on the basis of the home inspection even though their decision to do so was based on a view of the property condition (and of needed repairs) that is unlikely to be shared by any other buyer, ever. So, what in the world is a home seller to do in such a situation?
Of course, I hope this advice is absolutely never pertinent to you. May you never be in the midst of a home sale -- under contract -- just working your way through contingencies and excitedly anticipating a closing in the near future -- and then have the rug pulled out from under you by a home buyer with unreasonable expectations or demands. But if you do find yourself in this situation, try to move on quickly and be transparent with future buyers -- after getting angry, frustrated and discouraged, of course! | |
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How Far Can You Or Should You Round Up The List Price For Your Home? |
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 Sometimes it is tempting for a seller to want to round up their list price. The seller says (or thinks)... "We think the house is worth $240K? And you're saying we should list it for $245K or $249K? I'm optimistic -- I think someone is going to be willing to pay $250K, so let's list it for $260K! A buyer can always make an offer!" That's all well and fine and good -- and somewhat logical -- unless every buyer that comes to see the house in the first three weeks really thinks it is worth $240K. Then, when leaving the house priced at $260K, if they are willing to pay $240K, they are likely thinking they'd need to offer $220K in order to negotiate you down to the value of $240K. And they almost certainly won't make the offer. If a house priced at $260K has been on the market for a few days, most buyers aren't going to make an offer of $220K. They might think it is a waste of their time. They might not want to insult the seller. Regardless of the reason, you are not likely to have $220K offers on a $260K listing within the first few weeks. Thus, the buyer who excitedly came to see your $260K house, and then concluded that it is probably worth $240K (where we started this conversation) is likely to conclude that they should just wait a month or so and see if you eventually reduce the price to $250K -- and then they might consider an offer. But by the time you reduce the price to $250K, you are bound to get significantly less buyer/market attention with that price reduction since it is no longer a new listing. And some of the originally interested buyers will have found something else to buy. And there will be much less urgency for any buyer to make a decision about an offer. | |
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Buyers Seem To More Frequently Be Willing To Pay Above Appraised Value For Houses |
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 In today's local housing market we're seeing...
This disconnect (buyers being willing to pay more than appraised value) is likely because of how appraisals are defined and conducted. An appraisal is an indication of the value of a property based on what other buyers have paid for other similar houses in the recent past - often the last six months. What we now seem to be seeing is that today's buyers are willing to pay more for houses than buyers paid zero to six months ago - which can cause an appraisal to come in lower than the price that the buyer had agreed to pay for the house. So, when there is a low appraisal, where do things go from there? It's different in every transaction and it's all negotiable.
If the appraisal on your house comes in low...
Current conditions in your segment of the local housing market will likely ultimately dictate what a buyer and seller will agree to do with a low appraisal. | |
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Sellers Consider More Than Just Price, So Your Escalation Clause May Need To Be Tweaked Accordingly |
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 If you are trying to buy a home in a price range (under $250K) where there are often (usually?) multiple offers on the table, you may find yourself considering the use of an escalation clause. What is an escalation clause, you might ask? An escalation clause allows you to offer one price but then to effectively increase your offer price to be above any other competing offers. Consider the following scenario on a house listed for $225,000
Offer 2 wins, right? Probably so. But if the first buyer didn't want to pay more than the asking price if they didn't have to -- but if they would have been willing to pay up to $230,000 -- then things could have worked out differently...
In this situation, Offer 1 becomes an offer of $228,000 and likely is the chosen buyer instead of Offer 2 which is then $1,000 lower. But let's add a layer here -- the financing contingencies...
I see this type of scenario play out quite regularly. In many cases, the seller is will choose to move forward with Offer 2 - even though it is $1,000 less than Offer 1. Why, you might ask? Buyer 2 seems to be better qualified to buy the home, with a larger down payment. This will likely be to the seller's advantage when it comes time to negotiate the home inspection (a buyer with more cash available is less likely to be worried about small repair items) and the appraisal (a buyer with more cash available is likely more willing/able to come up with an extra $1K if the appraisal is slightly low). So, if a buyer has some other terms (financing, inspection, timing, etc.) that are possibly or likely to be less favorable to the seller, said buyer might consider leveraging their escalation clause a bit, such as the following...
In this scenario, Offer 1 becomes an offer of $229,500 compared to Offer 2 which is an offer of $227,000. This will cause the seller to think a bit longer and harder about whether they really want to go with Offer 2 that has the more favorable financing contingency. Think strategically when you are crafting your offer -- and your escalation clause -- knowing that a seller is looking at all of the terms of your offer, not just the offer price. | |
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How Often Do Home Sellers Provide A Closing Cost Credit? |
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 Looking back over the past year it seems that slightly fewer than half (46%) of home sellers provided a closing cost credit to the buyer for their home. It is not altogether surprising that many buyers ask for a seller paid closing cost credit. With interest rates so low, it is not a crazy idea to incorporate some of your closing costs into the mortgage by increasing the purchase price and mortgage amount by a few thousand dollars. Here, then, is how much sellers paid in buyer closing costs over the past year in the 46% of the cases where the seller did provide such a credit...  So, if, as a seller, you are paying part of a buyer's closing costs, you are most likely to be paying between $4K and $6K --- or between $2K and $4K. And again, as a seller, if you pay part of the buyer's closing costs -- you are not alone -- 46% or so of sellers do so! | |
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More Than Half Of Homes Are Selling For More Than Their List Price |
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 This might surprise you. It surprised me! More than half (52%) of homes that sold in the first half of 2020 sold for MORE than their list price! It is certainly true that we have seen buyers being able to negotiate less and less over the past few years as the market has become tighter in many price ranges and locations -- and this is some specific evidence that now many buyers aren't able to negotiate at all! Plenty of caveats, of course...
Anyhow, regardless of how you slice the data, the market is hot in many price ranges and buyers are often finding themselves needing to be prepared to pay the full list price or even a bit higher to secure a contract on a home! | |
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Sometimes A Full Price Offer Just Is Not Enough! |
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 It has happened to several of my clients lately -- we have made a full price offer with reasonable contingencies (home inspection, radon test, appraisal, financing) and we have lost out on the house. What does it, or might it, mean?
So, unfortunately, on a well priced new listing in a competitive price range -- seeing the house on the day it is listed and making a full price offer that same day won't necessarily mean you will be buying the house. As such, it's a great time to be a seller. It's not necessarily as exciting to be a buyer right now. | |
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Are Home Sellers Accepting Offers Contingent On The Sale Of Homes Not Yet Under Contract? |
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 Based on the analysis above, it would seem that sellers are not (in almost all cases) accepting home sale contingencies unless the home that must be sold is already under contract. Here's the logic....
It would seem that most buyers are likely waiting to make offers until they have their own properties under contract (thus eliminating the need for the kickout clause) AND/OR most sellers are not accepting offers with home sale contingencies unless the buyer's house is already under contract (thus eliminating the need for the kickout clause). If you are a buyer, I would certainly suggest the strategy outlined above (and the only one that is apparently working with sellers right now) --- get a contract on your house and THEN make an offer on the property you would like to purchase! | |
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How Do Home Inspection Negotiations Usually Proceed? |
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 A buyer agrees to pay a price for a house based on what they know about the house at that time. The home inspection process allows them to learn more about the house to confirm that it is the house that they thought. But sometimes, they discover problems with the house that they'd like the seller to address....
So, how do these home inspection negotiations usually proceed? The short (and vague) answer is -- well, it depends on the terms of your contract. But, overall, here is how the inspection process typically flows....  As you can see above, after a buyer requests repairs (based on the home inspection) the seller can choose to make some, all or none of the requested repairs. The transaction (and negotiations) can then go in a few different directions based on that response. Learn more about the home buying process at....  | |
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Focus On The Big Items When Drafting A Repairs Request |
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 After a home inspection, a buyer knows more about the house than when they agreed to pay $X to purchase the house. In order for them to still want to pay $X for the house, they may ask the seller to address some of the deficiencies found during the home inspection. Imagine a hypothetical scenario where the following deficiencies are found:
So - which items should the buyer ask the seller to repair? Some could say ALL of them - the buyer didn't agree to pay $X for the house with all of these large and small issues. But I'd advise most buyers to only request that the seller address a subset of those issues:
All of the other items (3-7) are minor issues that won't cost too much (in time or money) to repair after you buy the house. But why not ask the seller to repair these items?
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Tips For Townhouse Buyers In A Competitive Market |
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 Over the past few months I have listed several townhouses for sale that went under contract quickly after a LOT of showings in a very short timeframe. For one such recent property there were six offers within 48 hours. One of the things that struck me as we worked through that process was that there were five other buyers who really (!!) wanted to buy that townhouse and couldn't -- because there was only one townhouse to be purchased. As such, I feel bad for townhouse buyers in the current market. Townhouse buyers have a LOT of competition and I can imagine a single buyer making an offer on multiple townhouses and missing out every time. So, a few tips for would be townhome buyers...
I suppose one critical aspect that I did not list above would be to hire a buyer's agent to represent you in finding, pursuing and purchasing your townhome. I'd suggest you select someone who is highly responsive, professional and knowledgeable about the market. Happy townhouse shopping! (Or may it just not be too unbearably difficult, frustrating and tiring.) | |
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A Full Price Offer Does Not Always Win Negotiations |
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 I don't play poker regularly - though I have played it a few times lately with my kids. When I do play, I can become caught up in my excitement to see a strong hand. Wow! This pot is mine! I am bound to win this time! And often, that might happen with a strong hand in poker -- but not always. Sometimes, another player will have an even stronger hand, and I'll lose despite my strong hand. Here are the rating of poker hands, in increasing strength...
And here are some generic types of offers that might exist on a house, in increasing strength, generally speaking...
That order isn't actually always 100% accurate - it can depend on the property, the seller, etc. But the point should be clear... Even if you make a full price offer, with what would be considered to be normal contingencies (financing, appraisal, inspection) you could still lose in negotiations in several different ways. So -- play your strongest hand, but always know that there could be a stronger hand out there! | |
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How Much Are Sellers Negotiating On Price These Days? |
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 If you're looking to buy a home under $250K, should you only consider homes priced at or below $250K? Probably not - some sellers of homes priced above $250K will negotiate down to $250K. Should you look at homes priced above $500K? Probably not - most sellers of homes priced above $500K probably will not negotiate down to $250K. Both of those are probably obvious to most home buyers, but how do we understand the negotiability dynamics between those two mostly obvious statements? The data above is a first look at that puzzle - with some constraints. Basically, I looked at one year of City/County home sales, but limited it to homes with 1500+ square feet, 3+ bedrooms, 2+ bathrooms, on less than an acre, between $200K and $400K. So, not a canvas of the entire market -- but a pretty reasonable chunk of the middle of our market not likely to be thrown off by lots of investors (lower priced or attached properties) or high end buyers (high priced properties). And - after that intro - here's (some of) what we find...
So - hopefully that provides some guidance as to what you might expect as a buyer. If you see a home listed for 11% above your budget -- there is likely only a 1% chance that the seller will sell at a price that works for you -- or, put another way, you might have to find 99 such properties (where the seller won't come down 10%) before you find the 100th where they will. | |
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Responding Well (or not) To A LOW Offer On Your House |
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 Sellers are sometimes quite shocked, dismayed or disheartened to receive a low offer on their house, for example, an offer of $325K on a $375K listing. But it is important to remember that even that low offer really is a compliment!
If you have not yet had an offer on your house (that is listed at $375K) and you receive an offer of $325K, that doesn't necessarily mean your house is only worth $325K, nor does it necessarily mean that you should accept $325K or something close to it. It does, however, mean something quite exciting --- somebody wants to buy your house!!! Of course, negotiations won't always work out with low offers -- but recognize a low offer for what it is -- a buyer who wants to buy your house, and perhaps the first buyer who has declared as much through a written offer! If there is any way to put a deal together with those buyers, you ought to pursue it, as it's hard to know when the next buyer will work up the courage to tell you that they want to buy your house! | |
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Home Buyers and Sellers Often Have Very Different Perspectives When Negotiating Repairs After A Home Inspection |
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 While not always the case, a general rule of thumb is that... On home inspection repairs...
Inspector: Several roof shingles are missing, and the roof is past its life expectancy. Seller: Replace the shingles. Buyer: Replace the roof. Inspector: The air handler coils are dirty and the heat pump is reeaaallly old. Seller: Clean and service the heat pump and air handler. Buyer: Replace them both! These are a few extreme examples to start to show the differences in perspectives on repairs. Again, the important thing here is to recognize that a buyer and seller look at home inspection reports differently. A seller typically wants to minimize their repair costs while keeping the home sale on track. A buyer wants to make sure that any previously unknown property condition issues are addressed in a manner that is likely to prevent further near term maintenance needs in those areas. So, what is a buyer to do? A few thoughts....
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Scott Rogers
Funkhouser Real
Estate Group
540-578-0102
scott@funkhousergroup.com
Licensed in the
Commonwealth of Virginia
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