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Scott RogersScott Rogers

Welcome! This blog tracks the real estate market in the Central Shenandoah Valley, featuring market data and analysis, an exploration of common buying and selling questions, and candid commentary on all things real estate.

If you are interested in discussing any of the topics on this blog, or the details of your specific real estate situation, call or e-mail me!

Analysis

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Calculating the return on your home improvement investment
Cost vs. Value

Remodeling Magazine has released their 2008-2009 report comparing the cost of a variety of home improvement projects as compared to the added value of each renovation.  The projects that they analyze include: basement remodel, bathroom addition, deck addition, master suite addition, window replacement, and many more.

Drum roll please...

The highest return on investment (as a national average) is a deck addition (80% return on investment), and the lowest return is on a home office remodel.

Learn more...

You can download a full report of the data on a city-level (the closest city to us is Richmond, VA) here


© 2008 Hanley Wood, LLC. Reproduced by permission. Complete city data from the Remodeling 2008–09  Cost vs. Value Report can be downloaded free at www.costvsvalue.com.
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Home Sales History in Rockingham County Towns
After yesterday's analysis of year-to-year residential sales in Harrisonburg and Rockingham County, I thought it might be interesting to compare similar sales trends in sub-markets in Rockingham County. 

Here's what I found . . .



Broadway

Dayton

Elkton

Grottoes

Massanutten

Mount Crawford

Timberville

The big picture - year to year real estate sales trends
Each month I conduct a thorough analysis of home sales, but most of my analysis takes a look at a monthly snapshot.  Thus, at the request of one of my blog readers, I have compiled the monthly data to show a bit more clearly how the Harrisonburg and Rockingham County market has changed from year to year over the past six years.

Residential Sales

Bear in mind that all of these charts show 2008 data through December 9, 2008 --- so there will still be a more sales before the 2008 data set is closed out.

We have seen decreases from 2005 through 2008 --- who wants to guess, will 2009 be an increase over 2008, or will we have to wait for 2010 for an increase?

Single Family Home Sales

Single family home sales, as we might have imagined, follow a similar trend line to the first graph that showed all residential sales.

Townhome Sales

One peculiarity seen here is that there was a sharp increase between 2004 and 2005 in the number of townhouse sales.  I suppose 2005 was the year of the townhouse!

What sold in November 2008?
Sold in November 2008

As my November 2008 monthly market report shows, November 2008 was a rather slow month for real estate sales --- only 40 properties sold (closed) in Harrisonburg and Rockingham County, which is the lowest sales level we've seen in (at least) six years.  With so few houses selling, let's see if we can come to any conclusions about what did actually sell, but first, two side notes:
  • All of my monthly reports, and this statistic of "only 40 homes selling" is based on data from the Harrisonburg-Rockingham MLS, and include the sales of all real estate companies in this area, not just Coldwell Banker Funkhouser Realtors.
  • All of my monthly reports only focus on residential sales (single family, townhome, condo), and do not reflect what could be extraordinary months in sales of lots, acreage, farms, multi-family and commercial properties.
  • No, I'm not planning on reviewing each house that sells each month on into the future -- given November's low sales totals, I thought it might be insightful to see what is selling in this market.
How long did it take these 40 houses to sell?
  • 21 properties sold faster than the average of 179 "days on market"
  • 5 of the 40 properties had been on the market for over a year before they finally closed this November.
Single family versus townhome
  • Only 6 townhomes sold in November.
Where were these homes?
  • 13 in Harrisonburg
  • 9 in Rockingham County (outside towns)
  • 9 in Broadway / Timberville / New Market
  • 3 in Massanutten Resort
  • 3 in Elkton
  • 2 in Bridgewater/Dayton
  • 1 in Grottoes
How were thes homes priced?
  • 20 were priced at or under $200k
  • 13 were priced between $200k and $300k
  • 5 were priced between $300k and $400k
  • 2 were priced above $400k
What can we learn from November 2008 sales?
  • Even with slower home sales, buyers are still buying in most areas of our market.
  • Event with slower home sales, buyers in each different price segment are still buying.
What other conclusions come to mind for you?

October 2008 Harrisonburg & Rockingham County Real Estate Market Update
The October 2008 Harrisonburg & Rockingham County Real Estate Market Report is now available. Click here for a printable PDF of this report.

Home Sales Report

Sales continue to be slow compared to last year, but overall prices continue to slowly and steadily increase.  Both the median and average sales price increased when comparing January through October of last year versus this year.

Historical Sales Trends

After a strong September (compared to last September), October's sales figures are lower than expected.  October's sales (62) were 40% lower than last October's sales (103).  Perhaps last year's fall months (October & November) were an anomaly with their strong increase.

Long Term Sales Trends

This graph shows a normalized trend of home sales by charting the ongoing sum of the preceding 12 months' sales.  Despite an increase in sales pace last month (October 2008), this month we again see a continued decrease in this long-term sales trend.

Inventory Trends

Inventory continues to decline in Harrisonburg and Rockingham County --- this month down to 866 active single family, townhome and condo listings.  This is a 9% decrease compared to June 2008's inventory level of 956 active properties.

Supply Trends

As inventory continues to decline, likewise the number of months of housing that is on the market has also declined.  The top two price ranges ($300k-$400k, $400k+) both are headed back down towards (somewhat) healthier supply levels.

September 2008 Harrisonburg & Rockingham County Real Estate Market Update
The September 2008 Harrisonburg & Rockingham County Real Estate Market Report is now available. Click here for a printable PDF of this report.

Home Sales Report

When comparing September 2008 to September 2007, both median and average sales prices show declines, of 3.85%, and 4.96% respectively.  However, when comparing Jan-Sept 2008 to Jan-Sept 2008, the median sales price still shows an increase of 1.03%.

Trends

Each year for the past six years, September sales have been slower than in August, and 2008 was no different.  However, September 2008 sales were stronger than September 2007, which, combined with the typical increase in October sales, make this a good trend to watch.

Long Term Trends - Harrisonburg and Rockingham County

This graph shows a normalized trend of home sales by charting the ongoing sum of the preceding 12 months' sales.  Pay close attention this trend next month, as the September 2008 sales trend figure (Oct 1 ‘07 - Sept 30 ‘08) shows an increase in sales.

Inventory Levels - Harrisonburg & Rockingham County

For quite some time, we have seen an elevated level of inventory -- thus, it is healthy to see  a decrease in inventory levels.  Yet, we may also be observing a seasonal trend in inventory that we will see continue through the winter.

Supply Trends - Harrisonburg & Rockingham County

Inventory has declined since August, and likewise, the number of months of housing that is on the market has also declined.  The sub-$200k supply has remained stable for several months, but the price range with the most extreme over-supply ($400k+) has declined.

August 2008 Real Estate Market Report for Harrisonburg & Rockingham County
Click on any of the charts or graphs below for a printable PDF of the August 2008 Real Estate Market Report for Harrisonburg & Rockingham County

Perhaps of most interest is that buyers are committing to buy properties at an almost equivalent rate as they were last year.  Last August, 77 properties went under contract, and this August 76 properties went under contract.  This seems to indicate that either we will see closed transactions pick up as the year continues, or that fewer buyers are able to get from contract to closing on a property.

August 2008 Home Sales Report

We are in a buyers market.  In many markets around the country, which are also in buyers markets, prices have declined significantly over the past 18-24 months.  However, we continue to see average and median sales prices staying relatively level.  Both average and median sales prices increased (by less than 1%) when comparing Jan-Aug 2007 to Jan-Aug 2008.

Home Sales History

Home sales continue to be largely seasonably predictable.  Sales increased in August (as compared to July) as they have in most previous years.  September, October and November will be interesting months to observe, as last year October and November showed a modest increase in sales activity.

Home Sales Supply Trends

Housing supply is holding steady, or increasing slightly in all price ranges.  The lowest price range ($0-$200k) continues to have the healthiest relationship between buyers and sellers, with the most expensive price range being the most out of balance.

If you are interested in a more specific analysis of a particular segment of the Harrisonburg or Rockingham County real estate market, please call (540-578-0102) or e-mail me.

"It would be great if more properties on the market..."
"It would be great if more properties on the market..."

Isn't that an interesting thought?

Woah - interesting question!

I couldn't agree more!
Several of my current buyer clients are pre-approved and ready to buy, but they can't find a house that suits their needs.  They would love to see more houses for sale to give them more options from which to find their new home.

I couldn't agree less!
For months, most price ranges have been significantly over-supplied.  Adding more houses to the already healthy supply levels would just further exacerbate the situation.

Hmmmm........

July 2008 - Home Sales Down, Prices Up!
A few weeks ago I posted my Harrisonburg & Rockingham County July 2008 Real Estate Report.  Below is a similar report issued by my company (Coldwell Banker Funkhouser Realtors).  Slightly different analysis -- and definitely interesting to review.  (click the image for a PDF)

Generally speaking, home sales are down, but prices are up!

Home Sales Report - July 2008

The time-value of an interest free $7500 loan to first-time home buyers
Over the past few weeks I have been explaining to many first time home buyers that if they buy a home before July 1, 2009 they can take advantage of a $7,500 tax credit.

Some, though, have been less than enthused because the full $7,500 tax credit has to be repaid over 15 years.  Yes, that's right --- even though you will pay $7,500 less in taxes for the tax year in which you make your first home purchase, you do have to repay these tax savings in years three through seventeen.

I thought I'd take a look at the value of what is essentially an interest free $7,500 loan.  For this analysis, I am examining the aggregate savings from not paying interest on the $7,500, using a current interest rate of 6%.

Interest Savings
As you can see --- over the course of the 17 years, you save a total of $4,050.  Thus --- even though you are paying back the $7,500 tax credit, it is still at a significant ($4,050) savings.

At the close of the first half of 2008, here's another look at the Harrisonburg housing market.
Here is a quick overview of the current state of the Harrisonburg and Rockingham County housing market: 
  • A significantly smaller number of homes are selling this year as compared to last year (25% fewer).
  • Home prices seem to be staying relatively level (median prices increased slightly, average prices declined slightly).
  • Leading to point #1, fewer buyers are committing to properties.
  • Despite the overall lack of enthusiasm of buyers, homeowners are still putting their homes on the market in record numbers (44% more than last year).

Click on the chart for a printable PDF, or click here for some additional analysis of the Harrisonburg housing market in the first half of 2008.

Home Sales Report - July 2008


Housing supply remains steady in Harrisonburg and Rockingham County (except those high-priced homes!)
This past week, I overheard someone at the grocery story telling their friend "Can you believe how many homes are coming on the market?  I don't know when they'll all sell!?!"  Many seem to share this sentiment.

You might find it interesting, then, that housing supply is actually remaining rather steady (compared to demand) in all but the highest price range.  Click on the graph below for a printable PDF, and read below the graph for more information on how I calculate these values.

Housing Supply - July 2008

The number of houses on the market at any given time is only relevant within the context of how many people are buying.  If 100 houses are for sale and 100 houses are being bought each month, we have a very different market condition than if only 10 houses are being bought each month.  Thus, to compare housing supply and demand in Harrisonburg and Rockingham County, I use the following process:

1.  Calculate the average number of sales per month over the past 12 months.

2.  Calculate the number of houses currently for sale.

3.  Divide the number of houses for sale by the average sales rate per month to find out how many months it would take to sell the current inventory.

The numbers you see in the graph show the results of these calculations.  Let me know if you have any questions, or suggestions for additional analysis.

What are the SIZES of new construction single family homes being sold in Harrisonburg and Rockingham County?
Over the past 18 months (January 1, 2007 through June 30, 2008) 138 single family homes have been built and sold in Harrisonburg and Rockingham County, as reflected in the HRAR MLS.

The sizes of new construction homes that are selling might be of interest to home buyers, home sellers, builders and developers...

Sizes of new construction single family homes in Harrisonburg and Rockingham County

Click on the graph above for a printable PDF.

What are the PRICES of new construction single family homes being sold in Harrisonburg and Rockingham County?

Over the past 18 months (January 1, 2007 through June 30, 2008) 138 single family homes have been built and sold in Harrisonburg and Rockingham County, as reflected in the HRAR MLS.

The prices of new construction homes that are selling might be of interest to home buyers, home sellers, builders and developers...

Prices of new construction single family homes in Harrisonburg and Rockingham County

Click on the graph above for a printable PDF.


Please tell me --- are home values in Harrisonburg and Rockingham County DECLINING?

Where are home prices headed?In some parts of the country, they definitely are!  But since all real estate is local, I'm really more interested in what is happening with home sales prices in Harrisonburg and Rockingham County. 

In a given week, I talk with a lot of people about real estate including my past and present clients, my friends, other Realtors, lenders, appraisers, attorneys, the media, etc.  If I asked each of them whether home values are declining I'd get a LOT of different answers.

In the past, I've tried to examine this question from many different angles:

Trends in median price per square foot

Median home sales price trends (single family versus townhomes)

Median home sales price trends (single family combined with townhomes)

Year to year changes in median home sales prices (per my monthly reports)

Median sales prices over the past eight years during January to June.

But ultimately, homeowners really only care about whether the value of their particular property is going up or down.  The problem with all of the analysis referenced above is that it looks at trends across wide sets of data.  To better understand how home values are ACTUALLY changing, we need to look only at homes that have sold twice in a given time period --- and look at whether they sold for more or less the second time they sold.  Here we go....

In the past three years (7/2/2005 - 7/2/2008), there have been 4,209 residential sales in Harrisonburg and Rockingham County, as recorded in the Harrisonburg-Rockingham Association of Realtors MLS.

Of these 4,209 home sales --- there were 182 properties that sold twice in the last three years.  These 182 properties provide us with two data points so that we can measure ACTUAL APPRECIATION.  Here are some interesting facts about these 182 properties that sold twice in the past three years:

  • 157 properties increased in value (86%), while 25 properties did not (14%)
  • On average, these 182 properties increased at a rate of 28% per year.
  • 8 properties decreased in value by more than 5% per year. 
    62 properties decreased or increased by less than 5% per year.
    112 properties increased in value by more than 5% per year. 
What are your thoughts?  Is any of this surprising?

Here's the methodology, for those who are interested:

1.  Gain or Loss = Sale Price 2 - Sale Price 1
2.  Time Increment (Years) = Sale Date 2 - Sale Date 1 / 365
3.  Appreciation Per Year = Gain or Loss / Time Increment
4.  Percentage Appreciation Per Year = Appreciation Per Year / Sale Price 1

As you may be able to tell, this isn't an automated report (at all!) -- so I probably won't be reconstructing this analysis too often.  I had to sort through all 4,209 home sales and manually match up double sales, etc., etc.  Does anyone know an undergraduate statistics student who would like an (unpaid) internship?  :)

Understand current market value before making an offer!

Forecasting Future Home Prices...It would seem that many buyers in the market today are hesitating before making an offer because they are unsure of the current and future value of the home they think they want to purchase. 

While it's impossible to predict the future 100% accurately, I can definitely help you to better evaluate your buying decision.  Here are a few ways we could quantitatively analyze a property:

Price-per-square-foot trends

If you are buying a home in a subdivision where other homes have recently sold, we can certainly look at average price-per-square-foot trends to estimate the value of the home, and to see how those values have changed over recent months and years.  This graph shows price-per-square-foot trends for all of Harrisonburg and Rockingham County.  We would be doing the same sort of analysis, but with a smaller data set.

Comparative Market Analysis (CMA)

In my opinion, a CMA isn't just for a seller before they list their home for sale.  Comparing a property for sale to other similar properties that have recently sold can shed significant light on the potential value of the property.  The "comparable" sold properties would be as similar as possible based on features such as: age, bedrooms, bathrooms, location, condition, square footage, amenities, etc.

There are other ways we can approach this issue as well, but the main thing to remember is that it is important (in any market, but especially now) to understand the value of the home that you might purchase.  The listing price alone won't provide a full picture of the value of the home.


Trends in median price per square foot
One problem with tracking median home sales prices in a relatively small market is that median home sales prices can easily be swayed if a large number of small (or large) homes sell in a particular month or quarter.

To try to account for the size of the home, I decided to take a look at how the median price per square foot has changed over the past six years.

Trends in Average Price Per Square Foot

This graph has a few irregularities, but overall seems like it might be a reasonably trustworthy indication of how home values are adjusting over time.

Do bear in mind that while I have removed the size factor, I have not accounted for some other factors such as age. The first quarter of 2004 showed a sizable decrease in median home sales price --- this could be explained by a large number of older homes selling, or by some other factor that would affect the price per square foot of homes that sold.

Another look at median home sales price trends
I recently posted a six year trend graph of median home prices, measured each quarter, and concluded that median home sales price analysis is not wildly significant.

However, several people mentioned to me that they would be interested to see how the trend lines changed if I broke out single family homes, as compared to townhomes/duplexes/condos. Here's what we get...

Median Home Sales Prices - Single Family vs Townhome

As you can see, the trend lines aren't wildly different than the trend line that included both data sets together.

Also, both trend lines seem to indicate an increase in median sales price. This could either mean that:
  • Home values are declining in Harrisonburg and Rockingham County, or

  • Less expensive homes are selling more often these days than more expensive homes.

Where have all the buyers gone?
Each month I post a graphical representation of Harrisonburg and Rockingham County home sales within the context of the prior five years. (2003-2008)

My monthly home sales report includes the data behind this graph, which (in the most recent month) showed a 23% decline in home sales this year as compared to the prior year (Jan-May 2008 versus Jan-May 2007). But, as a friend of mine pointed out, this doesn't show how far the rate of home sales has fallen compared to when our market was at its fastest pace.

Decline In Home Sales - 2005 vs 2008

The graph above illustrates the 38% decline that we have seen in Harrisonburg and Rockingham County between the peak of buyer activity (2005) and the current year (2008). Please do remember, this is a decline in market activity (properties being sold/purchased), not a decline in home values.

So where did all of those home buyers go? Why did 364 buyers close on properties during January - May 2008 as opposed to 591 buyers during January - May 2005? I have some ideas...
  • There aren't as many investors buying anymore. There were significantly more investor buyers in our market in 2005 as compared to this year. Low sales prices, low interest rates, high appreciation, and high loan-to-value opportunities, and high return on investments all contributed to many, many investor buyers closing on properties during our most active years (2004-2006).

  • Increases in home values have priced many buyers out of the market. Back in 2005, when home values were significantly lower than they are today, many more buyers were qualified to purchase (as opposed to renting). Income levels have risen at a slower pace than housing costs over the past three years.

  • Buyers have to plan to keep their home longer now. Admittedly, this is just a return to the conventional wisdom of the past --- don't buy unless you plan to stay in your home for 3+ (or 5+) years. However, during 2004, 2005, and 2006 it worked out fine for many buyers who bought, and needed to sell only a year later --- they walked away with impressive gains! That phenomenon, created by high appreciation rates, brought many people into the market to buy when otherwise they would have rented. Today, if someone isn't sure whether they'll be in the Harrisonburg area for more than a year or two, they often choose to rent, as they won't necessarily be able to buy, sell, and make money in a 1-2 year time frame.

  • Loans aren't as easy to obtain any more. For several years, if you had a pulse, you could obtain a mortgage. Lenders didn't care whether you could verify your income or your assets --- a buyers word was good enough, and loans were being written for just about anyone who wanted to buy a home. Loan requirements have now become much more strict, which reduces the number of buyers in the market.
Given these four factors, I don't think we should be too surprised that fewer buyers are buying in 2008, as compared to 2005. I suspect that we will see more people buying in 2009 and 2010, but it may be a few years before it returns to the pace we saw during 2004, 2005 and 2006.

Median Home Sales Price Analysis Is Not Wildly Significant
In my June 2008 home sales report, I noted that the median sales price of single family homes and townhomes in Harrisonburg and Rockingham County had declined by 3.13% between May 2007 and May 2008.

I was a bit surprised to see this, as home values still seem to be increasing in this area. So....I thought I'd take a closer look at median sales price trends....and here's what I found....

Median Home Sales Price Trends - 2008 First Quarter

This graph charts the median home sales price on a quarter by quarter basis for the past 25 quarters (6.25 years). The data points of the median home sales price are in gray, connected by the green line. You'll see that the median home sales price goes down (quarter to quarter) almost as often as it goes up.

We could, thus, conclude that either:
  • home sales prices (and home values) are almost as likely to go down in any given quarter as they are to go up
  • we don't have a large enough number of home sales in this area to make this type of analysis statistically significantly
I lean towards the second conclusion, as I don't think there was a single quarter in 2003 or 2004 when home values decreased, despite the fact that the data would suggest that they did.

The red trend line may give us a better indication of the changes in home values over time --- though suggesting that significant trend data could rise out of insignificant source data is probably a stretch.

Click on the graph to take a closer look.


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